How does Spring manage and interact with objects and their lifecycle?

In Spring, object management and their lifecycle are handled through the Inversion of Control (IoC) container. The container creates, configures, and manages the lifecycle of beans (objects) declared in the configuration (annotations, XML, or Java configuration).

Main points:

• The container creates objects (beans) at application startup or on demand.
• Dependency injection occurs automatically via constructors, setters, or fields.
• The bean's lifecycle can be controlled using methods and annotations, such as @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy.

Example:

@Component
public class MyService {
    @Autowired
    private MyRepository repository;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        // initialization after bean creation
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void cleanup() {
        // cleanup before bean destruction
    }
}