In which cases should you create custom exception classes in your code?

Creating custom exception classes is justified in the following cases:

• Error specificity: When it is necessary to clearly indicate a specific type of error that is not covered by standard exceptions. This helps better understand the cause of the error and handle it separately.

• Improving code readability and support: Custom exceptions make the code more expressive and facilitate problem diagnosis.

• Passing additional information: Custom exception classes can include fields and methods that carry additional context about the error.

• Separation of handling logic: Allows catching and handling different types of errors differently, using different catch blocks.

Example of creating a custom exception in Java:

public class InvalidUserInputException extends Exception {
    public InvalidUserInputException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

// Usage
if (input == null) {
    throw new InvalidUserInputException("Input cannot be null");
}

Thus, custom exceptions help make error handling more precise and understandable.