How is error handling and exception management implemented in the program?

In Java, error handling and exceptional situations are managed using the exception mechanism. The main constructs are the try, catch, finally blocks, and the throw operator.

• The try block contains code that may throw an exception.
• The catch blocks handle and process specific types of exceptions.
• The finally block always executes, regardless of whether an exception was thrown or not, and is used for resource cleanup.
• The throw operator is used to explicitly throw an exception.

Example:

try {
    int result = 10 / divisor; // may throw ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Division by zero is not possible");
} finally {
    System.out.println("The finally block always executes");
}

Java also has checked and unchecked exceptions, which affect the need to handle or declare them in the method signature.