Can you step-by-step describe what happens when you make an HTTP request in a browser — from entering the URL to receiving the response?

1. Entering the URL into the browser's address bar.

2. Parsing the URL: determining the protocol (HTTP/HTTPS), domain, path, and parameters.

3. Checking the browser's local cache for the resource.

4. If the cache is missing or outdated, the browser initiates a DNS request to obtain the domain's IP address.

5. Establishing a TCP connection with the server using the obtained IP and port (usually 80 for HTTP or 443 for HTTPS).

6. If HTTPS is used, a TLS handshake occurs to establish a secure channel.

7. Sending an HTTP request (GET, POST, etc.) to the server.

8. The server processes the request and forms an HTTP response.

9. The browser receives the response, analyzes headers and body.

10. If the response contains HTML, the browser begins parsing, loading additional resources (CSS, JS, images).

11. Rendering the page and executing scripts.

Example of a simplified process at the code level (Node.js):

const https = require('https');
https.get('https://example.com', (res) => {
  let data = '';
  res.on('data', chunk => data += chunk);
  res.on('end', () => console.log(data));
});