At what stages of system development or maintenance are anomalies that occur between transactions identified and eliminated?

Anomalies that occur between transactions are identified and eliminated at several stages of system development and maintenance:

1. During development — when writing code and designing transactions, it is important to ensure proper management of state and transaction isolation to avoid conflicts and anomalies.

2. During testing — integration and system tests help identify issues with data consistency and anomalies during parallel transaction execution.

3. During operation (monitoring and logging) — monitoring tools and log analysis can detect anomalies in transaction operation, such as deadlocks or data loss.

4. During maintenance and optimization — based on collected data and reports, identified problems are addressed, transaction management is improved, and system reliability is increased.

Thus, controlling and eliminating anomalies is an ongoing process that covers the entire lifecycle of system development and operation.