What are the purpose and functions of beans in the context of a server or application?

In the context of a server or application, especially in Java and Spring, beans are objects managed by a container (for example, the Spring IoC container). They represent components of the application that are created, configured, and managed by the container throughout the application's lifecycle.

Main functions of beans:

• Encapsulation of business logic or services.
• Dependency management through Dependency Injection.
• Ensuring code reusability and modularity.
• Managing the lifecycle of objects (creation, initialization, destruction).

Example of defining a bean in Spring:

@Component
public class UserService {
    public void createUser() {
        // business logic for creating a user
    }
}

The container will automatically create an instance of UserService and inject it where needed.