Can you explain what value types are in programming?

Value types in programming are data types whose instances are stored directly in the variable's memory. When assigning or passing such types, a copy of the value is created, not a reference to the original object.

Examples of value types in Swift (commonly used in iOS):

• Int, Double, Bool — basic numeric and logical types.
• Struct — user-defined types that are copied upon assignment.
• Enum.

Unlike reference types, such as classes (class), where a variable contains a reference to an object in memory, value types provide safety against unintentional modifications through copies.

Example:

struct Point {
    var x: Int
    var y: Int
}

var p1 = Point(x: 10, y: 20)
var p2 = p1  // a copy is created
p2.x = 30
print(p1.x) // 10 — p1 remains unchanged

This is important for predictability and safety of the code, especially in multithreaded applications.