Explain what is meant by the HTTPS protocol and how it ensures data transmission security.

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of the HTTP protocol that provides secure data transmission between the client (e.g., browser or app) and the server.

Security is achieved through the use of TLS (Transport Layer Security), which encrypts the data transmitted over the network. This prevents interception and modification of information by malicious actors.

Main security mechanisms of HTTPS:

• Encryption: data is transmitted in encrypted form, protecting against eavesdropping.
• Server authentication: digital certificates verify the server's authenticity, preventing connection to a fake resource.
• Data integrity: checks ensure data has not been altered during transmission.

Example: when you enter a password on a site with HTTPS, your password is encrypted and securely transmitted to the server, reducing the risk of theft.