What methods can be used to prevent memory leaks in an application?

Memory leaks in iOS applications often occur due to cyclic references between objects, especially when using closures and delegates. To prevent memory leaks, the following approaches can be used:

• Using weak and unowned references — this helps break strong reference cycles. For example, delegates are usually declared as weak.
• Proper management of object lifecycle — releasing resources and unsubscribing from notifications (NotificationCenter) in deinit methods.
• Using Xcode tools (Instruments, Leaks, Memory Graph Debugger) to detect and analyze leaks.
• Avoiding strong references inside closures — using [weak self] or [unowned self] captures to prevent cycles.

Example of using weak self in a closure:

someAsyncCall { [weak self] result in
    guard let self = self else { return }
    self.updateUI(with: result)
}

These methods help maintain efficient memory usage and prevent leaks.