Can you explain what the Codable protocol is and its main functions?

Codable is a protocol in Swift that combines the capabilities of encoding (Encodable) and decoding (Decodable) objects into various formats, such as JSON or Property List.

Main functions of Codable:

• Allows easy serialization of objects into data formats for storage or transmission.
• Enables deserialization of data back into objects.
• Simplifies working with external APIs and local storage.

Example of using Codable for JSON:

struct User: Codable {
    let id: Int
    let name: String
}

let jsonData = "{\"id\":1, \"name\":\"Ivan\"}".data(using: .utf8)!
let user = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: jsonData)
print(user.name) // Ivan

Thus, Codable greatly simplifies data transformation between Swift objects and external formats.