Explain the mechanism of operation and the principle of implementing asynchronous functions using async/await.

Asynchronous functions using async/await allow writing asynchronous code that looks like synchronous code, simplifying reading and maintenance.

How it works:

• An async function returns a special type — a "future" that represents a deferred computation.
• When await is called on such a future, the function execution pauses until the asynchronous operation completes.
• Under the hood, the compiler transforms the async function into a state machine that manages pausing and resuming execution.

Example in Swift:

func fetchData() async -> String {
    // simulate asynchronous operation
    await Task.sleep(1_000_000_000) // 1 second
    return "Data"
}

Task {
    let result = await fetchData()
    print(result)
}

This approach allows writing asynchronous code without nested closures and callbacks, improving readability and error handling.