What are the advantages and disadvantages of dynamically typed programming languages?

Advantages of dynamic typing:

• Flexibility: variables can hold values of different types without explicit declaration.
• Rapid development: less code to describe types, convenient for prototyping.
• Useful in scenarios where data types may change during execution.

Disadvantages:

• Type errors are detected only at runtime, which can lead to bugs that are hard to trace.
• Lower performance compared to statically typed languages.
• Harder to maintain and refactor large codebases, as types are implicit.

Example: in Python, you can write

x = 10
x = "text"

In statically typed languages, this would cause a compilation error.