What types of atomic operations are you aware of in Swift?

In Swift, atomic operations are usually associated with safe access to shared resources in a multithreaded environment. The language itself does not provide built-in atomic primitives, but you can use:

• DispatchQueue with synchronization via sync or async for sequential access.
• OSAtomic functions (deprecated, not recommended).
• stdatomic.h from C11 for atomic operations at the C level.
• NSLock, NSRecursiveLock, and other locking objects to protect critical sections.
• In Swift 5.5+, you can use @Sendable and actor for safe state management.

Example of an atomic increment using DispatchQueue:

class AtomicCounter {
    private var value = 0
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "atomic.counter.queue")

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func get() -> Int {
        return queue.sync { value }
    }
}

Thus, atomic operations in Swift are implemented through synchronization and locking, rather than built-in atomic primitives.