How can memory leaks be detected without using a memory graph?

Memory leaks in iOS can be detected without using the memory graph by the following methods:

• Using the Instruments tool — Leaks: Allows automatic detection of leaks during app runtime.
• Monitoring memory consumption: Tracking the growth of memory usage in Xcode Debug Navigator or through console commands (e.g., vm_stat). If memory constantly increases without being released — there may be a leak.
• Logging and code analysis: Checking where objects are created, especially with strong references, and where they should be released.
• Using weak and unowned references: Proper use of weak references helps avoid retain cycles.
• Testing with XCTest: You can write tests that verify objects are deallocated.

Example of a simple deinitialization test:

class MyClass {}

func testDeinit() {
    var object: MyClass? = MyClass()
    weak var weakObject = object
    object = nil
    assert(weakObject == nil, "Object was not deinitialized — possible leak")
}