How is automatic object initialization in Swift implemented and how does it differ from structures?

In Swift, automatic initialization of objects within classes occurs through initializers (init). Classes require all properties to be initialized before the object’s initialization completes.

Differences from structures:

• Classes can have multiple initializers, including convenience and designated initializers. They support inheritance and initializer overriding.
• Structures automatically get an initializer with parameters for all their properties if not explicitly defined. They do not support inheritance.

Example of a class with an initializer:

class Person {
    var name: String
    var age: Int

    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

let person = Person(name: "Ivan", age: 30)

For structures, you can omit the init if all properties are initialized:

struct Point {
    var x: Double
    var y: Double
}

let point = Point(x: 10, y: 20) // automatically generated initializer