Could you list and explain the main types of properties in programming?

In programming, especially in the context of iOS and Swift, the main property types can be divided into several categories:

1. Stored Properties — these are properties that store a value as part of an instance of a class or structure. They can be variables (var) or constants (let).

2. Computed Properties — do not store a value directly but compute it each time they are accessed. They usually have a getter and optionally a setter.

3. Lazy Properties — store a value but are initialized only upon first access. They are used for optimization when initialization is resource-intensive.

4. Property Observers — allow reacting to changes in a property's value using willSet and didSet.

5. Type Properties — belong to the type itself rather than an instance. Declared with static or class.

Example in Swift:

struct User {
    var name: String // stored property
    var age: Int {
        // computed property
        return 2024 - birthYear
    }
    var birthYear: Int
    lazy var profileImage = loadImage() // lazy property

    var score: Int = 0 {
        willSet {
            print("Score will change from \(score) to \(newValue)")
        }
        didSet {
            print("Score changed from \(oldValue) to \(score)")
        }
    }

    static var maxScore = 100 // type property

    func loadImage() -> String {
        // simulate loading
        return "ImageData"
    }
}