Can you explain the principles of the Model-View-Controller pattern and its main components?

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern divides an application into three main components:

• Model: responsible for data and business logic. For example, in iOS, these can be structures or classes that store application data.

• View: responsible for displaying data to the user. In iOS, this is usually a UIView or UIViewController that shows the interface.

• Controller: acts as an intermediary between the Model and the View. It receives user input, updates the model, and changes the view.

Example: a user presses a button (View), the controller handles this event, updates the data in the model, and then updates the interface.