What methods and tools do you use to identify bottlenecks and weak links in system architecture?

To identify bottlenecks and weak points in the architecture of a Go system, I use the following methods and tools:

• Performance profiling with the built-in pprof package. It allows collecting data on CPU, memory, locks, and goroutines, helping to find bottlenecks.

• Logging and tracing. I use structured logging (e.g., with zap or logrus) and request tracing (OpenTelemetry, Jaeger) to analyze delays and issues in distributed systems.

• Load testing with tools like hey or wrk to identify performance limits and behavior under load.

• Code and architecture analysis: reviewing architectural decisions, identifying points with high coupling and low modularity, which can become bottlenecks.

• Real-time monitoring: Prometheus + Grafana for collecting metrics and visualizing system status.

Example of using pprof for CPU profiling:

import (
    "net/http"
    _ "net/http/pprof"
)

func main() {
    go func() {
        log.Println(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:6060", nil))
    }()
    // Main application code
}

After starting, you can connect to http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/ to collect profiles for analysis.