Can you explain the differences between static and dynamic typing in programming languages?

Static typing means that the types of variables and expressions are determined at compile time. This allows catching type errors before the program runs. In statically typed languages (e.g., Go, C, Java), the variable type is fixed and does not change during execution.

Dynamic typing means that types are checked at runtime. Variables can hold values of different types at different times. Languages with dynamic typing (e.g., Python, JavaScript) offer more flexibility in working with data, but type errors may only appear during execution.

Go uses static typing, which increases safety and performance but requires explicit type declarations or type inference by the compiler.

Example in Go:

var x int = 10 // x is always int
x = "hello"  // compilation error

In a dynamically typed language (e.g., Python):

x = 10
x = "hello"  # allowed

Thus, static typing helps prevent many errors in advance, while dynamic typing offers flexibility in working with types.