What are Latency, Throughput, MTU, and Keep-Alive?

Latency — is the delay, the time that passes from sending a request to receiving a response. In networks and systems, low latency is important for quick responsiveness.

Throughput — is the bandwidth, the amount of data that a system can process per unit of time. For example, in a network — how many megabits per second are transmitted.

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) — is the maximum size of a data packet that can be transmitted over a network without fragmentation. If a packet is larger than the MTU, it is broken into parts, which reduces efficiency.

Keep-Alive — is a mechanism to maintain an open connection between a client and a server, to avoid the costs of establishing a new connection for each request. In HTTP, it allows sending multiple requests over a single TCP connection.

In Go, these concepts are important when working with network applications, for example, when configuring HTTP clients and servers, optimizing performance and reliability.