How is access to data structures Map elements using hash functions performed?

In Go, data structures Map are implemented based on hash tables. When accessing an element by key, the following occurs:

1. The key is passed through a hash function, which computes a hash code.
2. The hash code is used to determine the index of the bucket in the array.
3. Within the bucket, a search is performed for an element with a matching key (usually through key comparison).

This provides amortized access time close to O(1).

Example of using a map in Go:

m := make(map[string]int)
m["apple"] = 5
value := m["apple"] // value == 5

Internally, a hash is computed for the key "apple" to locate the required element.