What states does a goroutine have?

A goroutine in Go can be in several states reflecting its lifecycle and current behavior:

• Runnable — the goroutine is ready to run and waiting for CPU time.
• Running — the goroutine is currently executing.
• Waiting — the goroutine is suspended, waiting for an event, such as receiving from a channel, releasing a mutex, or a timer.
• Syscall — the goroutine is performing a system call and cannot be preempted temporarily.
• Dead — the goroutine has finished execution.

These states are managed by the Go scheduler, which distributes goroutines across system threads (M) and virtual processors (P).