How does the call stack mechanism work when a function is invoked in a program?

When a function is called in a program, a new stack frame is created. This frame contains the return address (where to return after the function completes), function parameters, local variables, and other administrative information.

When the function is called, a new frame is pushed onto the stack above the previous one. After the function finishes, this frame is removed from the stack, and control returns to the call site.

In Go, the call stack dynamically grows as needed, which allows efficient memory management during deep recursive calls or a large number of function calls.

Example (simplified):

func foo() {
    bar()
}

func bar() {
    // function body
}

func main() {
    foo() // calling foo creates a frame, inside foo bar is called — another frame is created
}