Can you explain what an XSS attack is in the context of web security?

XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) is a type of web application vulnerability where an attacker injects malicious script (usually JavaScript) into a web page viewed by other users.

The main goal of XSS is to execute malicious code in the victim's browser, which can lead to session theft, content manipulation, phishing, and other attacks.

Example: if a website displays user input without proper filtering, an attacker can insert <script>alert('XSS')</script>, and this script will execute for other users.

To protect against XSS, the following are used:

• Escaping and filtering user data before output
• Using Content Security Policy (CSP)
• Validation and sanitization of input

In the context of Go (Golang), it is important to use templating engines that automatically escape data and to carefully handle user input.