Tell me about IPv4 and IPv6

IPv4 is the Internet Protocol version 4, using 32-bit addresses, which provides about 4.3 billion unique addresses. Addresses are written as four decimal numbers from 0 to 255, separated by dots, for example, 192.168.0.1.

IPv6 is the next version of the protocol with 128-bit addresses, providing virtually unlimited unique addresses. Addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons, for example, 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Main differences:

• Address size: 32 bits vs. 128 bits.
• Format of recording and representation.
• IPv6 supports automatic address configuration (SLAAC), improved routing, and built-in security support (IPSec).

In Go, the net package is used for working with IP addresses, supporting both protocols:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
	fmt.Println("IPv4:", ip)

	ip6 := net.ParseIP("2001:db8::68")
	fmt.Println("IPv6:", ip6)
}