What synchronization tools are available for multithreading in Go?

In Go, several main tools are used for synchronization in multithreading (goroutines):

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — for mutual exclusion access to shared resources.
• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — an extended mutex that allows multiple readers to read simultaneously but blocks writing.
• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — for waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.
• Channels — the primary idiomatic way of communication and synchronization between goroutines. Channels allow data transfer and block the goroutine until data is received.
• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — for safe modification of variables without locks.

Example of using Mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

Example of using a channel for synchronization:

done := make(chan bool)
go func() {
    // work
    done <- true
}()
<-done // wait for completion