How is OOP implemented in Go?

Go does not have traditional OOP with inheritance, but it has composition and interfaces, which allow implementing polymorphism and encapsulation.

Main mechanisms:

• Structures (struct) — similar to classes without methods.
• Methods — functions with a receiver, attached to structures.
• Interfaces — describe a set of methods that a structure must implement.
• Composition — instead of inheritance, structures can include other structures to extend functionality.

Example:

package main
import "fmt"

type Animal interface {
    Speak() string
}

type Dog struct {
    Name string
}

func (d Dog) Speak() string {
    return "Woof!"
}

func main() {
    var a Animal = Dog{Name: "Buddy"}
    fmt.Println(a.Speak()) // Outputs: Woof!
}

Thus, Go uses interfaces and composition to implement OOP principles without traditional inheritance hierarchies.