How does the exchange of information occur between the client and server parts of the application?

Information exchange between the client and server parts of an application usually occurs through HTTP requests and responses. The client (for example, a browser) sends a request to the server, the server processes it, and returns a response.

The JSON format is most commonly used for data transfer because it is easy to parse and read.

Example of exchange:

1. The client sends a GET request to retrieve a list of users.
2. The server processes the request, retrieves data from the database, and returns a JSON with the users.

In Go, this might look like:

http.HandleFunc("/users", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    users := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"}
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(users)
})

WebSocket can also be used for bidirectional real-time communication.