What synchronization methods do you know in Go?

In Go, the following main tools are used for goroutine synchronization:

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — a basic primitive for mutual exclusion, blocks access to shared data.
• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — an extended mutex that allows multiple readers to read simultaneously but blocks writing.
• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — allows waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.
• Cond (sync.Cond) — a conditional variable for notifying goroutines about an event.
• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — for safely modifying variables without locks.
• Channels (chan) — the idiomatic way to synchronize and pass data between goroutines.

Example of using Mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

Channels allow synchronizing execution and exchanging data:

ch := make(chan int)
go func() {
    ch <- 42 // send value
}()
val := <-ch // receive value