Can you explain the mechanism of data replication process?

Data replication is the process of copying and synchronizing data between multiple servers or nodes to increase availability and fault tolerance.

Main mechanism:

• One server acts as the master (primary data source), others as replicas.
• All changes on the master are transmitted to the replicas.
• The replicas apply these changes to stay up-to-date.

Depending on the implementation, replication can be synchronous (writes are confirmed after all replicas are updated) or asynchronous (the master does not wait for confirmation from replicas).

Example: In a database, when a new record is written to the master, this record is transmitted to the replication log, which is then applied to the replicas so they have the same information.