What are CPU-bound and I/O-bound tasks?

CPU-bound tasks are tasks limited by the processor's performance. They require intensive computations and utilize the CPU maximally, such as complex mathematical calculations or processing large data arrays.

I/O-bound tasks are tasks limited by input/output speed (disk system, network, database). They often idle while waiting for read/write operations to complete.

Example:

• CPU-bound: calculating the factorial of a large number.
• I/O-bound: loading a file from disk or making a request to a remote server.

In Go, it is important to understand the type of task for effective use of goroutines and the scheduler, to avoid blocking the CPU or idling while waiting for I/O.