Explain the concept of Saga and its role in implementing microservice architecture.

Saga is a pattern for managing distributed transactions in a microservices architecture. Since microservices have their own databases and cannot use traditional transactions, Saga breaks a long transaction into a series of local transactions, each executed within a separate service.

If one of the transactions fails, Saga initiates compensating transactions to rollback previous changes, ensuring data consistency.

Role of Saga:

• Ensures data consistency without locks and distributed transactions.
• Allows microservices to operate independently but coordinate changes.

Example: when placing an order, the product is reserved first, then payment is deducted. If payment fails, the reservation is canceled through a compensating transaction.