What methods can be used to prevent a 500 error in case of timeout when waiting for a database response?

To prevent a 500 error caused by a timeout when waiting for a response from the database in Go, several approaches can be used:

1. Timeout context — use context.WithTimeout to limit the execution time of the database query.

2. Connection pool — properly configure the connection pool to avoid blocking and delays.

3. Error handling — correctly handle timeout errors and return understandable responses to the client.

Example of using a timeout context:

ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()

err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT ...").Scan(&result)
if err != nil {
    if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
        // handle timeout
    } else {
        // handle other errors
    }
}

This approach helps avoid hangs and control the response wait time from the database.