What are the advantages of using goroutines compared to threads?

Goroutines in Go are lightweight threads managed by the Go runtime rather than the operating system. Their advantages over traditional threads include:

• Lower memory consumption: Goroutines use a few kilobytes of memory, whereas threads use megabytes.
• Fast creation and switching: Starting and switching between goroutines is much faster.
• Simplified synchronization: Go provides channels for safe data exchange between goroutines, simplifying concurrent programming.
• Scalability: Thousands or even millions of goroutines can be run simultaneously.

Example of creating a goroutine:

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello() // start a goroutine
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // wait for the goroutine to finish
}