What patterns are used to implement graceful system failure?

The following patterns are used to implement graceful system degradation:

• Circuit Breaker (automatically disconnecting calls to a non-responsive service to prevent overload)
• Retry (repeated attempts to perform an operation with exponential backoff)
• Bulkhead (resource isolation to prevent failure in one component from affecting others)
• Fallback (alternative actions or values when the primary service fails)

For example, the Circuit Breaker pattern in Go can be implemented using a library that tracks errors and temporarily blocks calls to the problematic service when a threshold is exceeded.