How does an HTTP server work in Go?

The HTTP server in Go is based on the net/http package, which implements the HTTP protocol and provides a convenient interface for creating servers.

Main points of operation:

• The server listens on a specified address and port using http.ListenAndServe.
• Request handlers are registered to process requests, which implement the http.Handler interface or have a function signature of func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request).
• When a request arrives, Go creates an http.Request object with request information and an http.ResponseWriter object for forming the response.
• The handler reads data from the request, performs logic, and writes the response via ResponseWriter.
• The built-in server supports concurrent request processing using goroutines, ensuring high performance.

Example of a simple HTTP server:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func helloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", helloHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

This code starts a server on port 8080 that responds with "Hello, World!" to all requests.