How is control over the execution and synchronization of goroutines implemented in a program?

In Go, control over goroutine execution and synchronization is usually achieved using:

• WaitGroup from the sync package — allows waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.
• Channels — used for passing data and signals between goroutines, providing synchronization.

Example with WaitGroup:

var wg sync.WaitGroup
wg.Add(1)
go func() {
    defer wg.Done()
    // goroutine work
}()
wg.Wait() // wait for the goroutine to finish

Channels, for example, allow passing results or completion signals:

ch := make(chan int)
go func() {
    ch <- 42 // send value
}()
value := <-ch // receive value, synchronizing goroutines

Thus, WaitGroup and channels are the main tools for controlling and synchronizing goroutines.