What makes goroutines more efficient compared to traditional threads?

Goroutines in Go are more efficient compared to traditional threads due to several key features:

• Lightweight: Goroutines occupy very little memory (usually around 2 KB of stack), whereas system threads require much more memory.
• Language-level scheduler: Go has its own goroutine scheduler that efficiently distributes their execution across system threads, allowing thousands of goroutines to run simultaneously without significant overhead.
• Fast creation and context switching: Creating and switching between goroutines is much faster than between OS threads, reducing multitasking costs.

Example of creating a goroutine:

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello() // start goroutine
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // wait for the goroutine to finish
}