What are the types of inter-process communication (IPC)?

Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to methods of exchanging data between different processes in an operating system. The main types of IPC:

• Pipes — allow data to be transmitted as a stream from one process to another.
• Sockets — facilitate data exchange over a network or locally (Unix domain sockets).
• Shared Memory — allocates a memory region accessible to multiple processes for reading and writing.
• Semaphores — used for synchronizing access to shared resources.
• Message Queues — processes exchange messages through a queue.
• Signals — asynchronous notifications about events.

In Go, channels are often used for IPC to communicate between goroutines, while sockets, files, or system calls wrapped in packages are used for inter-process communication. For example, the net package can be used for TCP/Unix sockets, or os for working with files and signals.