What is the difference between processes, threads, and goroutines in Go?

Processes are isolated instances of programs with their own address space and operating system resources. They operate independently and interact through inter-process communication (IPC).

Threads are execution units within a process that share memory and resources of the process but have their own stack and registers. Threads allow multiple tasks to run concurrently within a single process.

Goroutines in Go are lightweight threads managed by the Go runtime, not the OS. They have a very small initial stack (a few kilobytes) that dynamically expands, enabling thousands or even millions of goroutines to run simultaneously with low overhead.

Main differences between goroutines and threads:

• Goroutines are much lighter in resources than system threads.
• Scheduling of goroutines occurs in user space (user-space scheduler), not the OS.
• Goroutines can be created and switched very quickly.

Example of creating a goroutine:

 go func() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
 }()

Thus, processes are isolated programs, threads are system execution units within a process, and goroutines are lightweight concurrent functions managed by the Go runtime.