Tell about the pprof package.

pprof is a package in Go designed for profiling program performance. It allows collecting and analyzing data on CPU usage, memory, blocking, and other resources during application execution.

Main features of pprof:

• Collecting profiles of CPU, memory (heap), blocking, and goroutines.
• Visualizing profiles as call graphs, flame graphs, and other formats.
• Integration with an HTTP server for dynamic profiling of a running application.

Example usage:

import (
    "net/http"
    _ "net/http/pprof"
)

func main() {
    go func() {
        log.Println(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:6060", nil))
    }()
    // main application code
}

After starting the application, you can open a browser at http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/ to view profiles.

You can also collect profiles with the command:

ngo tool pprof http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/profile?seconds=30

pprof helps identify bottlenecks in performance and optimize code.