What problems can arise when using shared memory with threads? What is a race condition?

When using shared memory, the following problems may occur:

• Race condition — a situation where multiple threads access the same memory area for reading and writing simultaneously without proper synchronization. This leads to unpredictable behavior and errors.

• Data integrity violation — if one thread modifies data while another reads it during modification, inconsistent states can be obtained.

• Deadlocks — improper use of locks to protect shared memory can lead to a situation where threads wait for each other indefinitely.

Race condition is a classic multithreading problem where the program's outcome depends on the order of thread execution, making the program's behavior unstable and difficult to debug.

In Go, mechanisms such as mutexes (sync.Mutex), channels, and other primitives, as well as the go run -race tool, are used to prevent race conditions during execution.