What types of memory exist and how do they interact with each other?

In Go (Golang), the main types of memory and their interactions are as follows:

• Stack — stores local variables of functions. The stack is quickly allocated and freed upon function calls and returns.

• Heap — used for dynamic memory allocation, for example, for objects that live longer than the current function. Go has a garbage collector that manages heap cleanup.

• Global/static memory — for global variables and constants.

Interaction:

• When a function is called, local variables are placed on the stack.
• If a variable needs to live longer, the compiler may "move" it to the heap (escape analysis).
• The garbage collector automatically frees memory on the heap when objects become unreachable.

Example:

func foo() *int {
    x := 10
    return &x // x "escapes" to the heap because a pointer is returned
}

Here, the variable x will be placed on the heap so that the pointer remains valid after the function exits.