How is reliable transaction execution ensured in a distributed system?

In distributed systems, protocols such as two-phase commit (2PC) or three-phase commit (3PC) are used to ensure reliable transaction execution.

Main ideas:

• Coordination among all participants to agree on the transaction outcome (commit or rollback).
• Use of logging and state preservation for recovery after failures.
• Ensuring atomicity and consistency of data across all nodes.

In Go, this can be implemented using RPC or gRPC for communication between services, as well as contexts for managing execution time and operation cancellation.

An example of simplified two-phase commit logic:

1. The coordinator sends a prepare request to all participants.
2. If all are ready, the coordinator sends a commit command.
3. If any are not ready, the coordinator sends a rollback.

This guarantees that all participants either confirm the changes or roll them back, ensuring data integrity.