What processes are launched when entering a URL in the browser's address bar and confirming it?

When entering a URL in the browser's address bar and confirming, several sequential processes occur:

1. URL Parsing: the browser determines the protocol (e.g., HTTP/HTTPS), domain name, and path.
2. DNS Query: the browser contacts the DNS server to obtain the IP address corresponding to the domain name.
3. Establishing TCP Connection: the browser establishes a connection with the server using the obtained IP and port (usually 80 for HTTP or 443 for HTTPS).
4. TLS Handshake (for HTTPS): if HTTPS is used, a secure connection is established.
5. Sending HTTP Request: the browser sends a request (e.g., GET) to the server with the specified path and headers.
6. Server Processing: the server receives the request, processes it, and generates a response.
7. Receiving and Processing Response: the browser receives the response, analyzes it (e.g., HTML, CSS, JS), and loads additional resources if needed.
8. Page Rendering: the browser renders the page for display to the user.

This process involves network operations, protocol handling, and interaction between the client and server.