Can you explain how the task scheduler works in the system?

In Go, the scheduler is responsible for managing goroutines — lightweight threads. It is implemented as an M:N scheduler, where M is the number of system threads (OS threads), and N is the number of goroutines.

Main components:

• G (goroutine) — the goroutine itself.
• M (machine) — the system thread.
• P (processor) — the logical processor that connects G and M.

The scheduler distributes goroutines across available P, which are then run on M. This allows efficient use of system resources and switching between goroutines with minimal overhead.

Example: when a goroutine blocks (for example, on I/O), the scheduler can switch to another goroutine without blocking the system thread.