What are deadlocks?

Deadlock (mutual blocking) is a situation in multi-threaded or concurrent systems where two or more processes (or threads) permanently block each other, waiting for resources held by the other process. As a result, none of them can continue working.

Example: Thread A has acquired resource 1 and is waiting for resource 2, while Thread B has acquired resource 2 and is waiting for resource 1. Neither thread will release the resource, and the program will 'hang'.

Strategies to avoid deadlocks include:

• Acquiring resources in the same order
• Using timeouts when waiting for locks
• Avoiding nested locks
• Analyzing and designing the system considering potential locks

In Go, deadlocks can occur due to improper use of channels and mutexes.