What are the advantages of using goroutines compared to system threads for improving application performance?

Goroutines in Go have several advantages over system threads:

• Lightweight: Goroutines consume much less memory (usually a few kilobytes), whereas system threads require significantly more resources.
• Scalability: Thousands or even millions of goroutines can be run simultaneously, which is difficult with threads.
• Fast context switching: The Go scheduler efficiently manages goroutines, switching between them faster than the OS switches between threads.
• Simplified synchronization: Built-in channels and other primitives simplify data exchange between goroutines.

Example of creating a goroutine:

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello() // start goroutine
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // wait for the goroutine to finish
}