Describe the high-level operation of several network protocols.

HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol, used for communication between client (browser) and server. It operates over TCP. It defines request methods (GET, POST, etc.) and response status codes.

HTTPS – secure version of HTTP, using encryption (TLS/SSL) to protect transmitted data.

TCP – Transmission Control Protocol, providing reliable, connection-oriented stream data transfer between applications. It guarantees packet delivery in the correct order and checks their integrity.

UDP – User Datagram Protocol, offering faster but unreliable data transfer without establishing a connection. Used for services where speed is more important than guaranteed delivery (e.g., streaming video).

DNS – Domain Name System, responsible for converting domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses. The client sends a request to the DNS server, which returns the corresponding IP address for establishing a connection.