Tell about HTTP protocols and methods used.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring hypertext documents over the internet. It operates on a request-response model between a client (e.g., a browser) and a server.

Main HTTP methods:

• GET — request to retrieve a resource. Used for fetching data without changing the server's state.
• POST — send data to the server, for example, when filling out a form. Can modify the server's state.
• PUT — replace or create a resource at the specified URL.
• DELETE — delete a resource.
• HEAD — request only the headers of a resource without the body.
• OPTIONS — request supported methods for a resource.
• PATCH — partial update of a resource.

HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning each request is independent. Sessions are maintained using cookies, tokens, and other mechanisms.

Example of a simple GET request:

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com

The server's response includes a status, headers, and the body with the page content.